William Shakespeare s The Trojan War - 1318 Words

Shakespeare uses the backdrop of the Trojan War in Troilus and Cressida to explore the interpretation of honor as something extrinsic without associating it with intrinsic moral values. In the seventeenth century, â€Å"honour† was used in four different ways: fame, renown, glory; credit, good name, reputation; noble rank, position of dignity, title of renown; source of distinction. Fame and reputation are the most common uses of honor throughout the play. Therefore, to avoid confusion and redundancy, fame and reputation will be synonymous to honor for this analysis. Curiously, â€Å"honourable† is defined as honest, upright, and distinguished. The adjective’s definition has clear moral roots based on societal and cultural norms. Thus, in regards to morals, it seems as though during Shakespeare’s time there was a clear divergence between honor and its derivatives. Therefore, by examining the significance and usage of â€Å"honor† throughout Troilus and Cressida, it becomes apparent that chivalrous and moral undertones are being exploited to advance glory and reputation. In the Prologue, Shakespeare presents the play with chivalrous expressions by describing the Greek invasion of Troy as a rescue mission to save â€Å"the ravished Helen† who is being held prisoner behind the massive walls of Troy (I.1 9). The classic â€Å"damsel in distress† setting. Menelaus rallied the kings and armies of Greece under this moral banner to set sail and lay siege to Troy. However, by conquering Troy and savingShow MoreRelated Classical Imagery in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay3559 Words   |  15 PagesClassical Imagery in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing The romance of history has lured many of the worlds greatest authors to search for their subject matter in the pages of time. William Shakespeare serves as a unfailing embodiment of the emotion of days past; yet he also turned to those before him. The comedy Much Ado About Nothing is a poignant love story, riddled with stunning imagery and allusion. An examination of the development of certain characters, the imagery and allusion, dictionRead MoreThe Dream Of The Rood By William Shakespeare927 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the semester, I was thinking that the material that we covered will not be appealing to me. In high school, my twelfth grade English class covered, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, was not impressed then, and not much has changed since my time at South View High School. I was familiar with Dante infernos, also Homer and the Trojan War. Still thinking to myself which will chose, it was not until I was required to read â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† an O ld English Poem, that of all the assignmentRead MoreGreek Mythology s Influence On The Arts And Literature Of Western Civilization2652 Words   |  11 Pagesmay have flourished in the 9th or 8th century BC. The Iliad, set during the Trojan War, recounts the story of the wrath of the Greek warrior Achilles. The Odyssey tells of the long wanderings and adventures of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, as he travels home from the war. The fullest and most important source of myths about the origin of the gods is the epic Theogony. It was written by the Greek poet Hesiod about 700 BC. Hesiod s Works and Days, another source of myths, tells of various ages of humankindRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s Impact On Literature1231 Words   |  5 PagesBook of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer’s best known work is The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales was highly influential on how different social classes were viewed back in the 1300â₠¬â„¢s. He is also known for his original style of writing that developed the vernacular of middle English. Chaucer has very clearly influenced and inspired several writers throughout history with his style of writing. Literature was impacted and foreverRead More The Politics of Contemporary Approaches to Shakespeare Essay3166 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract Postmodern performance of Shakespeare, particularity in film, is characterized by a subjective experience within the play not an objective experience from the play. Under postmodernism, Shakespeare undergoes theorizing, deconstruction, displacement or death of the author, textual criticism, and cultural and political relativism but fails to produce solid answers. Postmodern Shakepseare does not offer new meanings but new and more possibilities for contemplating meaning. This fails bothRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare2269 Words   |  10 Pagesare much more complex: we have unique personalities, but small diversions in an individual s behavior can point towards certain mental illnesses. The American Psychiatric Association has catalogued these mental illnesses and their symptoms in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, otherwise known as the DSM-5. In The Tragedy of Hamlet, a play written by William Shakespeare during the early 17th century, a young Danish prince of the same name demonstrates abnormalRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pageseventually reached them, particularly chapbooks that featured folk tales or the legends of Robin Hood. Educational texts such as The Babees Book (1475), a conduct book for young gentlemen, also contribute to the prehistory of childrens literature. William Caxton, the first English printer, published several texts that were not intended specifically for children, but his printings did appeal to them, notably Aesops Fables, Reynard the Fox, and Thomas Malorys Morte Darthur (1485). An early form ofRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 PagesMusic may be defined romantically as `the food of love (Shakespeare) or more prosaically as `sound with particular characteristics (Wikipedia), but it is undeniably a `vibrant artform (Arts Council England) and one which touches more people, in more ways, than any other art form. In commercial terms, music certainly generates a higher market value than the other arts, although a comprehensive market size for music in all its manifestations is impossible to calculate. Key Note has put a value

Example of Speech Text

Example of speech text is characterized by the specific features of the vocabulary usage, structuring, and emphasizing the key points. As a rule, the speechwriter aims to address clearly a vitally important issue which is much-debated in the society. Subsequently, example of speech text should both articulate the position of the speaker and provide the audience with strong arguments supporting the presenters viewpoint. Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a pleasure for me to be here tonight and address such a great audience. The issue I would like to bring up threatens the prosperity and welfare of the whole nation, however, the majority of the population tends to ignore it and pretend as if it is not a problem at all. Namely, I would like to talk about the risks of obesity. First of all, it would be reasonable to present the statistics that some of you might find shocking. To be more precise, in accordance with the data provided by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the number of people suffering from obesity has already reached the point of 35% of the whole US population. Just imagine, one-third of Americans is particularly limited in their opportunities to have a happy, comprehensive, and productive life. Let me remind you, that the right to health was considered by the United Nations to be an integral element of the human rights and the individual dignity. I believe, that it is a high time to ask ourselves whether the lifestyle patterns cultivated in the US are actually contributing to the concept of human dignity or not. Unfortunately, the honest answer would rather disappoint us. Obviously, the complaints and disappointment may hardly improve the recent state of affairs. Subsequently, I believe, that the awareness and personal determination to change the trend are the first steps towards the overall success. Some of you would definitely argue that it is an entirely personal responsibility or, at most, the responsibility of the Department of Health. Let me disagree and explain the essence the obesity spread. In particular, reducing the time and money being spent on meal has become a generally accepted trend which, however, may hardly bring the benefits to anyone except the fast-food companies bosses. Therefore, we should agree that the recent economic model, which has made healthy eating a privilege of a few, is exceptionally harmful. So, what can be done to change the pattern? First of all, there are two aspects of the campaign against the obesity spread. Namely, the first one implies the efforts of the official institutions and includes informational campaigns conduction as well as providing the obese people with a proper treatment. However, I would like to emphasize the importance of the other aspect which, I believe, implies a key meaning in terms of changing the negative statistics. Namely, I would like to talk about the determination and responsibility of each of us who are neither the medical officials nor the obesity victims. In particular, each of us has a friend or colleague who is suffering from obesity. There are also people, like our children, to whom our behavior may serve as a model to follow. We are responsible for those people and should put our best efforts to raise their awareness and convince them that it is better to lose some extra half-an-hour but keep our health and welfare safe. Ladies and Gentlemen, let me once again thank you for your patience. Being aware and responsible, we are capable of overcoming the threats of obesity spread. Thank you!

Fordism Spawning New Management Styles Free Essays

string(78) " a deskilling of the workers, and have been criticised on humanistic grounds\." Introduction. In this essay the focus is on Henry Ford and Fordism. The first paragraph of the essay is an introduction of Fredrick W Taylor, and how Fordism is derived from the ideas of Taylorism. We will write a custom essay sample on Fordism: Spawning New Management Styles or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also looks at the main ideas behind Fordism and scientific management. Further in the essay the importance is to look at the different ideas of Fordism (the mass-production, the $5 day, the division of labour and management style), and on why it was important at is time and the effect following from those ideas. The essay has two different paragraphs discussing the positive and the negative effects of Fordism on management and organisations, and workers and society. In the end of the essay there is some paragraphs about the new forms of management developed after Fordism, and the management styles discussed in this paragraphs are about Neo-Fordism and Post-Fordism. In the early 20th century the ideas of scientific management was created by Frederick W. Taylor, and these new ideas of management style had a big impact on the economy at that time, and for many decades following. In this new form of management, the word efficiency became a central part of the manufacturing process. Some of the strongest characteristics of Taylorism are the division of labour, the structure of control over task performance and the implicit minimum interaction employment relationship. (Craig R Littler 1978) The new role of management was now to scientifically analyse the task that was performed in the manufacture, and then to design the jobs to eliminate all unnecessary time and motion waste. Fordism is derived from Taylorism, and in which Fordism added some new ideas to scientific management, like the assembly line. (RMIT University2012)Fordism is a term that is used to describe mass-production using an assembly line technology to make it possible for a better division of labour and time, with motion management techniques. (RMIT University 2012). It has derived from Henry Ford (1863-1947) a car manufacturer which was perceived as the inventor of mass-production, by installing specialized machines, the flow line of assembly work and using the ideas of Taylorism (Frederick W. Taylor) in his car-manufacture, which led to Henry Ford producing millions of identical cars at a lower production cost which made the cars more affordable. (Ray Batchelor 1994 ; Palgrave Macmillan 2012) The ideas of Taylorism that Henry Ford took into his car manufacturing were the ideas of maximising job fragmentation, minimizing of skill requirements, a minimization of handling component parts and material, separate indirect and direct labour and separate planning and doing. RMIT University2012) Fordism was important in its time, and some of the new ideas of Fordism played an significant role in change in the production, economy, and the relationship between the managers and workers. One of the main ideas of Fordism was mass-production, which made it possible to produce products at a lower cost, through spreading the fixed costs out on a large amount of outputs, and the cars could therefore be sold cheaper. Fred Thomsen 2007) Ford managed to produce practical cars which was within the reach of the average American person. (Robert J Antonio, Alessandro Bonanno 2000) One of Henry Fords main contributing to mass production was the standardization, and this had to be done at perfection, so he had to exploit in machinery tools which made is possible to use the assembly line, so every workers only had to perform one simple task. Fred Thompson 2007) At Ford’s manufacturing’s they made almost all they needed from the raw material, because he had a lot of knowledge about mass production techniques, and could therefore keep the business economic sustainable by doing all of the parts of the production in he’s own manufacture with his own workforce( even though it required more workers, which needed a lot of management to keep control over), but he also vertically integrated because Ford had a scepticism about accounting and finance, but if he did it himself he would have more control, and could easier direct the flow of raw material. Fred Thompson 2007) But whit the mass production, it was also a small differentiation in the products, in Ford’s case the cars, and one example for that was Henry Ford once saying â€Å" you can have the car in what ever colour you like, as long as its black†. Fordism led the transformation from an agriculture to an economy growing because of mass production and mass consumption. Fred Thompson 2007)The mass production and mass consumption led to an economic growth and widespread material advancement (Fred Thomsen 2007; Robert Boyer 2010) One of the main principle of Fordism was the $5 day, which was double the normal pay and working less hours for those who were qualified, so the workers would stay loyal and work efficient, but also so his own workers would be able to afford the car he was producing, and the demand for Ford cars would increase. But for the workers to be qualified they had to have a satisfactory life-stile, like absence from alcohol (RMIT University 2012) But the $5 day was criticised, from example the socialist daily news people, saying is was a scheme to make it difficult for the competitors, but in the general public the $5 days was perceived as a risky move, but also bold, democratic and magnanimous. (Ray Batchelor 1994) It have also been said that Fordism and it higher wages led to productivity growth, economic growth but also an inflation growth. Mark Goodwin, Joe Painter1996) The higher wages was also created so the efficient and good workers still wanted to work in the Ford manufacturing with the new type of management. In Fordism it was a managerial hierarchy (top-bottom), technical controls and strict time-limits, and every task was separated into their simplest constituent elements, making the work routinized. (Robert J Antonio, Alessandro Bonanno, 2000; RMIT University 2012) But the work task of speeding it all up and making every work task easy led to a deskilling of the workers, and have been criticised on humanistic grounds. You read "Fordism: Spawning New Management Styles" in category "Papers" RMIT Universit 2012; F. Xu, T. Rickards 2007) With the deskilling of the workers the managers perceived the workers as stupid, and therefore all the decision making was taken away from them, and they were treated like replaceable parts of the machinery. (F. Xu, T. Rickards 2007) Fords business got the affect of the cooperation costs, because with the deskilling of workers, and wanting to have control over the quantity and quality over the workers performance, they needed to hire management to conduct those jobs, which were extra expenses. RMIT University 2012) And with the workers constantly being controlled and supervised, the relationship between the managers and the workers became tense and the workers lost commitment to Fords manufacture, because they were frustrated and diss atisfy, but this led to management having to control the workers even more. (RMIT University 2012) It is important to highlight that there were positive affects from Fordism on the society and worker, and on management and organisation. For rganisations Henry Ford showed that products could be produced a lot more efficient by using machinery and technology, which led to a lower fixed production cost and firms could therefore make a bigger profit and get a bigger market share (Fred Thompson 2007) Ford kept continuous to improve the production on the car manufacturing process, as with for example the car T-model, where he had studied the shortest task cycle of the T-model assembly line, which reduced human effort that led to increased productivity level while reducing the production costs. Greg Grandin 2009) Henry Ford needed a lot of management staff in his business to achieve control over the workers and because he was running the business vertically integrated he needed more managi ng staff, which meant a higher form of bureaucratization, which set the steps for modern corporations, and in some cases even for local government. (Mark Goodwin and Joe Painter 1996) In the view of the society and workers Fordism gave them some positive contributions. As mentioned Henry Ford doubled the pay, the $5 day, and he reduced the working day down to eight hours, and he reduced the working week down to five days for the workers that was qualified and lived by a good lifestyle. (RMIT University 2012) This started a cycle of high real income which led to the mass consumption , and increased the demand for goods, as well as the car Henry Ford him self were producing. (RMIT University 2012) Also with letting his workers work less hours per week, they had extra time on hand which led to the start of a new industry which were focused on leisure. Fordism also had negative effects on management and organisation, and workers and society. After Fordism had lasted for a while in The USA, were Fordism originated from, the production growth and economic growth started to decline in the 1960s for various factors, but one of the main reasons were that the durable consumer goods and process technologies had entered the maturity phase of the life-cycle and they were not able to find any new mass markets which led to stagnation in growth and decline in jobs. (annemieke J. M. Roobeek 1987) Since one of the main concepts of Fordism was mass-production, it led to a major crisis because of the constrains of productivity slow down. (Robert Boyer 2010) As for the workers under Fordism they had to perform heavy workloads on rotation of relatively unskilled, repetitive tasks and with a assembly line that was speeded up as fast as it could contributed to a highly stressful work environment. (S. Edgell 2006) The new work tasks for the workers also led to a deskilling of the workers. RMIT University 2012) The deskilling of workers was highly criticized, even by Frederick W Taylor, saying that Fords assembly line workers assembled gorillas. (Fred Thompson 2007) Fordism had some positive and negative aspects on management, but after Fordism hit the crisis of production slowdown in the 1960s it was clear that some changes had to be done, and the Hawthorn experiment that were conducted in the 1920s showed cleared in the experiment that one of the main issues were th a workers also had physiological and social needs in the work place, which should be included in a new form of management style. RMIT University 2012; Robert Boyer 2010) The first alternative developed was Neo-Fordism, which were later followed by Post-Fordism. (RMIT University 2012) Neo-Fordism was build up on modifications on Fordism, rather than abandon all the original ideas of Fordism. Some of the areas of Fordism that was modified were on the simplification and fragmentation of work, the control over the workers time limits working via the assembly line, and there were no longer a standardization of products and parts via single purpose machines. S. Edgell 2006) In Neo-Fordism the working practice were flexible to fit the contemporary operations work . (RMIT University 2012) One of the first car manufacturers that modified the ideas of Fordism into Neo-Fordism was the Swedish car company Volvo, which included a greater job rotation for the workers, with extended work tasks, as responsibility for the quality, which gave the workers job enlargement and they got to cooperate together as a work team. S. Edgell 2006) In the Volvo car manufacture the process of destandardization of the products and parts was achieved because of their flexible carrier system, which made it possible for the work rotation, team work, but the work stations were still divided into different station as in Fordism and Taylorism and they still used the time limits. Volvos attempt to re-organise their production was successful at many areas, the workers working conditions got better which led to a better job satisfaction among them, and the quality of work increased and they still managed to have the same times on their assembly lines. (S. Edgell 2006) Post-Fordism, also know as after Fordism was a new type of management that did not build on Fordism, but who broke with the main concepts of it, and focused on flexible specialisation instead. (S. Edgell 2006) The perspective of Post-Fordism was to focus on the need of flexibility, with innovation being of importance. John Mathews 1989) In Fordism the focus were on mass production, via special purpose machines and assembly line to get the mass production of standardized products, which also led to the deskilling of workers, Post-Fordism on the other hand is focused on flexibility and the skills of the workers to make high-quality customized products. (S. Edgell 2006) Post-Fordism is different from the competing Neo-Fordism because it is based on the skill inputs of the workers and the workers high level of responsibility, whereas in Neo-Fordism the focus is one improving the recognition and social cohesion of the work while using the ideas of Fordism. John Mathews 1989; RMIT University 2012) Post-Fordism have put the focus on the skilled worker, but the danger that comes with that is the threat of dualization, with a big class different between a skilled worker and the mass of unskilled workers. (John Mathews 1989) In Post-Fordism the focus is on the skilled workers, and skilled workers can use computer technology to adjust production in responds to demand quickly, and will therefore avoid some of the main problems of Fordism. To Be able to succeed in a competitive and ever-changing environment, flexibility is one character of main importance. S Edgell 2006) Conclusion: The history of Fordism shows us a management style that worked on some areas and failed in others. The pro duction became more efficient, which made it more profitable for the owners, which also led to lower priced products and the introduction of the $5 wages. Fordism brought with it mass production which led to mass consumption, and formed an economic growth in the society. But while people were able to earn more money and consume more, it also had a negative aspect of deskilling the workers, and who also had to work under though working conditions physically and socially. In the 1960s it was productivity slow down, and even though they could still mass-produce, the market didn’t longer have a big demand for it. When the crises of Fordism hit, new styles of management were developed, some just modifying Fordism, as Neo-Fordism and some styles that completely broke of with the ideas of Fordism, as Post-Fordism. In these new forms of management, the workers became a central part. Neo-Fordism kept many of the ideas of Fordism, but changed the ideas around the working environment, so the workers would be physically and socially satisfied. Post-Fordism has showed a complete difference from Fordism, and is more focused on flexibility and the skills of the workers and customized highly qualified products. Fordism was good in many areas in it prime time, because it led to a economic growth, but as time goes by it brings changes to the economy and the need of society, which means that management styles should changes with it, and adapt to make it work. Reference list: †¢RMIT University (Ed). 2012. ‘Introduction to Management’. Palgrave Macmillan, South Melborune. †¢Grandin, G 2009. Forlandia; The rise and fall of Henry Ford’s forgotten jungle city’, Metropolian Books, New York. †¢Matthews, J 1989, ‘Ages of Democracy; the politics of Post-Fordism’, Oxford University Press, Normanby Rd, SA. †¢Edgell, S 2006, ‘The sociology of work: Continuity and change in paid and upaid work’, Sage, Thousand Oaks, London †¢Goodwin, M, Painter, J 1996, ‘Local governance, the crises of Fordism and the changing geographies of Regulation’, Transaction of the institute of British Geographers, new series, vol 21, No 4, pp 635-648, Wiley Blackwell †¢Boyer, R 2010, ‘Is a financial-led growth regime a viable alternative to Fordism? A Preliminary analysis’ [https://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/030851400360587] †¢Xu, F, Rickards, T 2007, ‘Creative Management: A predicted development from research into creativity and management’, Creativity and innovation Management pp 216-228 †¢Thompson, F 2007, ‘Fordism, Post-Fordism and the flexible system of production’, viewed 29. September 2012. [http://www. willamette. du/~fthompso/MgmtCon/Fordism_%26_Postfordism. html] †¢Batchelor, R 1994, ‘Henry Ford, mass production, modernism and design’, Manchester University Press, Oxford Rd, Manchester †¢Antonio, RJ, Bonanno, A 2000, ‘A new global Capitalism? : â€Å"Americanism and Fordism† to â€Å"Americanization-Globalization†, pp 33. 77 [https://ojsprdap. vm. ku. edu/index. php/amerstud/article/viewFile/3102/3061] How to cite Fordism: Spawning New Management Styles, Papers

Health Care Quality and Medical Errors-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are required to conduct a critical appraisal of a primary research paper. Two papers are provided and you chooseone either quantitativeorqualitative. Answer: Introduction Maintenance of medical safety is vital. It ensures that patients receive quality, safe, timely and patient-centered medication. Although medical errors are inevitable, they ought to be avoided. Typically, medical errors result in adverse health effects and unnecessary additional medical expenses (Pham et al, 2012). Therefore, medical errors entail any avertable conditions which could result in irrelevant medication or subsequent patient harm. Medical errors are approximated to be less than a quarter of all the administered medications. A third of these errors result to harm on patients (Starmer et al, 2014). Medical administrative errors occur when the standard norms of clinical administration are breached (Garrouste-Orgeas et al, 2012). They include the right drug, patient, dose, route, time, documentation and reason. Research problem and importance. The research problem of this study is quite relevant and helpful. Conventionally, there exists scanty data concerning the perspectives and experiences of medical practitioners. In addition, this is in regards to the effective application of safety procedures and avoidance of medical errors (Senders, 2018). Knowledge concerning these perspectives and experiences will be imperative in establishing applicable safety processes and their implementation (David et al, 2013). Therefore, the significance of this research is to provide an in-depth analysis regarding medical experts perspectives and encounters so as to steer clear medical errors. Research design and methods. According to the article, the research design is suitable. The authors have justified the method utilized in the study. The research was conducted in a university hospital. Each medication is stored and administration prepared by medical experts mostly nurses. An electronic prescription system is utilized by physicians in prescribing medication. Any drug administrations and prescriptions that are done have to be recorded. Every nurse handles specific patients to ensure easy monitoring of progress. The research design also explains how participants were incorporated into the study. A qualitative investigative research was conducted in nurses. Subsequently, this aimed at obtaining a comprehensive perspective concerning the operational and management levels. Purposive sampling designed to getting a greater heterogeneity was used. Foremost, the safety and quality innovators of nurse managers were requested to contribute to the study. Snowball sampling was utilized to retrieve the names of nurses in other departments who represent different levels of seniority and training (Smeulers et al, 2014). In the same token, only registered nurses were incorporated into the study. Data collection was done through predetermined interviews. The interviews provided a wider scope for nurses to express themselves. They could also seek any guidance from the interviewers. All participants were requested to reflect on the essence of safety practices before the research was concluded. The research design observed ethics since the interview process was comprehensively explained to the participants. Formal written consent was obtained from each person who participated. Interviews were recorded for future reference and analysis, for instance, transcription (Smeulers et al, 2014). Consequently, analysis of data was done simultaneously with the interviews. All interviews were coded separately at the end of each interview. Codes were interpreted, discussed and compared. In addition, reviewing was performed and conclusions made. The most applicable themes were identified which relate to nurses perspectives and experiences. Furthermore, the classification of themes was achieved through consensus. Eventually, analysis of the identified themes was performed and verified. Findings and their importance Generally, only three particular themes were identified from the study. They were nurses responsibilities and roles in medical safety, their capability to safely work in their daily routine and their acceptance to safety practices. The medical experts interviewed felt accountable and responsible for the safe preparation and administration of medication (Smeulers et al, 2014). Likewise, they perceived that they have a continuing obligation of assessing patients medical conditions in regards to the prescribed medications. They emphasized on the need to be alert and work keenly when dealing with medication. Other nurses stated that this responsibility made them feel vulnerable as they are individually accountable for any medical errors they cause. The article reveals that nurses have an essential role. They are useful in the general medication process and subsequently in medication safety (Smeulers et al, 2014). Clinical reasoning is expected of any nurse even though the physician prescribes the medication. Checking the prescribed medication comprehensively and examining the actual patient situation is fundamental. A nurses capability to deliver work safely in regards to medication is affected by various factors. One of them is the consciousness of an imminent error and conditions of work. The cognizance of the possibility of potential medical errors is different among different nurses. Basically, nurses obtain their awareness from previous knowledge on incident reports, aftermaths of errors and personal experiences (Makary and Daniel, 2016). On the other hand, other nurses reveal that medical errors are as a result of insufficient experience and knowledge. The study reveals that if an unfortunate incidence occurs, extra awareness programs are established to enlighten the medical professionals. Additionally, these programs necessitate urgent measures to make sure there is an improvement of the work conditions. Various circumstances contribute to errors which might arise in the course of work. The dependency on others, work environment, and work pressure are some of the key factors which cause medical errors. Increased work pressure makes nurses multitask. Similarly, this results in minimal concentration hence hurried work. In such cases, therefore, if the potential mistake will not affect patients much, then nurses may forego the established safety procedures. Subsequently, medical experts ought to mitigate work pressure to make sure quality healthcare services are provided. Nurses have to apply personalized efficiency practices. For instance, early preparation on how to handle different patients that one is assigned. Medical safety is influenced by the environment in which health experts prepare medication. Often, it is disturbing when nurses enter the medication room simultaneously (Andel et al, 2012). Concentration and tranquility are lost hence the possible emergence of medical errors. To enhance improvement of medical safety several measures have to be implemented. It is imperative to acknowledge the pivotal role of medical experts. Subsequently, this is because they strive to provide the finest care. The way in which care is delivered should be considered. Healthcare ought to be availed in the most professional manner possible to evade minor errors. Nurse-associated factors, for example, education, transformational leadership, relationship with colleagues and staffing concerns must be considered hence improved to reduce medical errors (Van Cott, 2018). Furthermore, the practice environment should be supportive of the provision of safe care. Excellent management at work will also make nurses initiate mechanisms which identify errors hence evade them. Conclusion Striving to maintain a medical free error environment is paramount as it ensures patient welfare is upheld. The way to mitigate error is to learn and identify the causes of error and utilize knowledge to establish mechanisms for reducing it (Topol and Hill, 2012). Consequently, in the process, policymakers, researchers, and medical stakeholders have increased their efforts to comprehend and transform institutional conditions and components that cause medical errors. Medical procedures are subject to errors because there exist numerous environmental and workload concerns experienced by nurses. On the contrary, nurses have the ability to recognize, interpret and correct errors in advance before they have negative effects on patients. There are several practices which have come up to aid in reducing clinical mistakes. They include medication education, e-learning, electronic systems, interruption protection, double checking, visual reminders, and protocols. Having dedicated medical professional is significant in steering clear minor errors. References Andel, C., Davidow, S. L., Hollander, M., Moreno, D. A. (2012). The economics of health care quality and medical errors.Journal of health care finance,39(1), 39. David, G., Gunnarsson, C. L., Waters, H. C., Horblyuk, R., Kaplan, H. S. (2013). Economic measurement of medical errors using a hospital claims database.Value in Health,16(2), 305-310. Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Philippart, F., Bruel, C., Max, A., Lau, N., Misset, B. (2012). Overview of medical errors and adverse events.Annals of intensive care,2(1), 2. Makary, M. A., Daniel, M. (2016). Medical error-the third leading cause of death in the US.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),353. Pham, J. C., Aswani, M. S., Rosen, M., Lee, H., Huddle, M., Weeks, K., Pronovost, P. J. (2012). Reducing medical errors and adverse events.Annual review of medicine,63, 447-463. Senders, J. W. (2018). Medical devices, medical errors, and medical accidents. InHuman error in medicine(pp. 159-177). CRC Press. Smeulers, M., Onderwater, A. T., Zwieten, M. C., Vermeulen, H. (2014). Nurses' experiences and perspectives on medication safety practices: an explorative qualitative study.Journal of nursing management,22(3), 276-285. Starmer, A. J., Spector, N. D., Srivastava, R., West, D. C., Rosenbluth, G., Allen, A. D., ... Lipsitz, S. R. (2014). Changes in medical errors after implementation of a handoff program.New England Journal of Medicine,371(19), 1803-1812. Topol, E. J., Hill, D. (2012).The creative destruction of medicine: How the digital revolution will create better health care(p. 2). New York: Basic Books. Van Cott, H. (2018). Human errors: Their causes and reduction. InHuman error in medicine(pp. 53-65). CRC Press.